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Douro Rivers

  • 1 Viriatus

       Ancient hero who led Lusitanian resistance against Roman rule from about 154 to 135 BCE. In Roman-ruled Hispania or Iberia, Lusitania was one of the westernmost provinces. Viriatus was a hunter and shepherd who lived in the mountainous areas of Lusitania between the Tagus and Douro Rivers. A ferocious fighter and fearless leader, Viriatus successfully held off Roman occupation by repeatedly defeating Roman forces for years. Betrayed by friends who sold out to the Romans, Viriatus was murdered while he slept. In Portuguese tradition, Viriatus became a mythic figure, a symbol of Portuguese resistance to foreign threats. Under the Estado Novo, his name and example were invoked to promote loyalty to the government and national independence. "The Legion of Viriatus" was the name the regime gave to its corps of so-called volunteer soldiers who fought for Generalissimo Francisco Franco's Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Viriatus

  • 2 Agriculture

       Historically, Portugal's agricultural efficiency, measured in terms of crop yields and animal productivity, has been well below that of other European countries. Agricultural inefficiency is a consequence of Portugal's topography and climate, which varies considerably from north to south and has influenced farm size and farming methods. There are three major agricultural zones: the north, center, and south. The north (the area between the Douro and Minho Rivers, including the district of Trás-os-Montes) is mountainous with a wet (180-249 cm of rainfall/year), moderately cool climate. It contains about 2 million hectares of cultivated land excessively fragmented into tiny (3-5 hectares) family-owned farms, or minifúndios, a consequence of ancient settlement patterns, a strong attachment to the land, and the tradition of subdividing land equally among family members. The farms in the north produce the potatoes and kale that are used to make caldo verde soup, a staple of the Portuguese diet, and the grapes that are used to make vinho verde (green wine), a light sparkling white wine said to aid the digestion of oily and greasy food. Northern farms are too small to benefit from mechanization and their owners too poor to invest in irrigation, chemical fertilizers, or better seeds; hence, agriculture in the north has remained labor intensive, despite efforts to regroup minifúndios to increase farm size and efficiency.
       The center (roughly between the Douro and the Tagus River) is bisected by the Mondego River, the land to either side of which is some of the most fertile in Portugal and produces irrigated rice, corn, grapes, and forest goods on medium-sized (about 100 hectares) farms under a mixture of owner-cultivation and sharecropping. Portugal's center contains the Estrela Mountains, where sheep raising is common and wool, milk, and cheese are produced, especially mountain cheese ( Queijo da Serra), similar to French brie. In the valley of the Dão River, a full-bodied, fruity wine much like Burgundy is produced. In the southern part of the center, where the climate is dry and soils are poor, stock raising mixes with cereal crop cultivation. In Estremadura, the area north of Lisbon, better soils and even rainfall support intensive agriculture. The small farms of this area produce lemons, strawberries, pears, quinces, peaches, and vegetables. Estremadura also produces red wine at Colares and white wine at Buçelas.
       The south (Alentejo and Algarve) is a vast rolling plain with a hot arid climate. It contains about 2.6 million hectares of arable land and produces the bulk of Portugal's wheat and barley. It also produces one of Portugal's chief exports, cork, which is made from bark cut from cork oaks at nine-year intervals. There are vast groves of olive trees around the towns of Elvas, Serpa, and Estremoz that provide Portugal's olives. The warm climate of the Algarve (the most southern region of Portugal) is favorable for the growing of oranges, pomegranates, figs, and carobs. Almonds are also produced. Farms in the south, except for the Algarve, are large estates (typically 1,000 hectares or more in size) known as latifúndios, worked by a landless, wage-earning rural work force. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, these large estates were taken over by the state and turned into collective farms. During the 1990s, as the radicalism of the Revolution moderated, collectivized agriculture was seen as counterproductive, and the nationalized estates were gradually returned to their original owners in exchange for cash payments or small parcels of land for the collective farm workers.
       Portugal adopted the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) when it joined the European Union (EU) in 1986. The CAP, which is based on the principles of common pricing, EU preferences, and joint financing, has shifted much of Portugal's agricultural decision making to the EU. Under the CAP, cereals and dairy products have experienced declines in prices because these are in chronic surplus within the EU. Alentejo wheat production has become unprofitable because of poor soils. However, rice, tomatoes, sunflower, and safflower seed and potatoes, as well as Portuguese wines, have competed well under the CAP system.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Agriculture

  • 3 desaguar

    v.
    1 to drain (bañera, agua).
    2 to flow in.
    Los ríos confluyen en la región The rivers flow together in the region.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ AVERIGUAR], like link=averiguar averiguar
    1 (un líquido) to drain, drain off/away; (un contenedor) to drain
    2 (desembocar) to flow (en, into), drain (en, into)
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=vaciar) [+ líquido] to drain; [+ recipiente, bañera] to empty, drain
    2) [+ dinero, fortuna] to squander
    3) And (=enjuagar) to rinse (out)
    2. VI
    1) [líquido] to drain away, drain off
    2) [río]
    * * *
    = drain.
    Ex. The garden had obviously been flooded with sea-water although now it was all drained.
    * * *

    Ex: The garden had obviously been flooded with sea-water although now it was all drained.

    * * *
    vi
    1 «bañera/lavadora» to drain, empty
    2 «río» to drain desaguar EN algo to drain o flow INTO sth
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [bañera, lavadora] to empty, to drain;
    [agua] to drain
    2. [río]
    desaguar en to flow into
    ♦ vt
    [lugar inundado] to get o pump the water out of
    * * *
    I v/t drain
    II v/i
    1 de agua drain away
    2 de río flow, drain (en into)
    * * *
    desaguar {10} vi
    : to drain, to empty

    Spanish-English dictionary > desaguar

  • 4 dureus

    1.
    dūrĭus or dūrēus, a, um, adj., = dourios or doureios, equus, the Trojan horse, Aur. Vict. Orig. 1; Paul. ex Fest. p. 82, 12. — Poet. transf.:

    duria nox,

    i. e. the night in which the Greeks descended from the interior of the horse, Val. Fl. 2, 573; cf. durateus.
    2.
    Dŭrĭus, ii, m. ( Dūrĭa, ae, m., Claud. in Laud. Ser. Reg. 72), one of the principal rivers of Spain, now the Douro, Mel. 3, 1, 7 sq.; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 112 sq.; Sil. 1, 234 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dureus

  • 5 Duria

    1.
    dūrĭus or dūrēus, a, um, adj., = dourios or doureios, equus, the Trojan horse, Aur. Vict. Orig. 1; Paul. ex Fest. p. 82, 12. — Poet. transf.:

    duria nox,

    i. e. the night in which the Greeks descended from the interior of the horse, Val. Fl. 2, 573; cf. durateus.
    2.
    Dŭrĭus, ii, m. ( Dūrĭa, ae, m., Claud. in Laud. Ser. Reg. 72), one of the principal rivers of Spain, now the Douro, Mel. 3, 1, 7 sq.; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 112 sq.; Sil. 1, 234 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Duria

  • 6 Durius

    1.
    dūrĭus or dūrēus, a, um, adj., = dourios or doureios, equus, the Trojan horse, Aur. Vict. Orig. 1; Paul. ex Fest. p. 82, 12. — Poet. transf.:

    duria nox,

    i. e. the night in which the Greeks descended from the interior of the horse, Val. Fl. 2, 573; cf. durateus.
    2.
    Dŭrĭus, ii, m. ( Dūrĭa, ae, m., Claud. in Laud. Ser. Reg. 72), one of the principal rivers of Spain, now the Douro, Mel. 3, 1, 7 sq.; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 112 sq.; Sil. 1, 234 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Durius

  • 7 durius

    1.
    dūrĭus or dūrēus, a, um, adj., = dourios or doureios, equus, the Trojan horse, Aur. Vict. Orig. 1; Paul. ex Fest. p. 82, 12. — Poet. transf.:

    duria nox,

    i. e. the night in which the Greeks descended from the interior of the horse, Val. Fl. 2, 573; cf. durateus.
    2.
    Dŭrĭus, ii, m. ( Dūrĭa, ae, m., Claud. in Laud. Ser. Reg. 72), one of the principal rivers of Spain, now the Douro, Mel. 3, 1, 7 sq.; Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 112 sq.; Sil. 1, 234 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > durius

  • 8 Castelo Branco, Camilo

    (1825-1890)
       A giant of 19th-century Portuguese literature, member of second romantic generation, and early realist writer. After a brief engagement with medical school, he drifted into an adventurous, turbulent life of journalism, cafés, and love affairs. Arrested for adultery and involved in mysticism and study at a Catholic seminary, he became committed to making a difficult living from journalism and books. The novels and stories of Camilo take place primarily in specific geographical settings in provincial Portugal, especially in the province of Tras-os-Montes and between the Douro and Minho Rivers. The social classes portrayed are mainly provincials, decadent aristocrats, peasants, and Oporto bourgeoisie. Repeated themes are orphanhood, the prevalence of feelings of the heart over restrained conventions and family interests, kidnapping, and crimes of love and passion. His first novel was published in 1851, after he had spent months in prison for adultery. Among his more notable and numerous works are Memórias do Cárcere (1861, Jailhouse Memories) and his widely famous Amor de Perdição (1863), a work revived in other fiction, in film, and on stage. Among his talents as a prolific if uneven novelist are his strong power of narrative, accurate renderings of provincial speech and language, and a vast vocabulary. At the end of his life, Camilo Castelo Branco suffered terribly from increasing blindness. In 1890, he committed suicide with a revolver.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Castelo Branco, Camilo

  • 9 Guadiana, River

       The Guadiana River is about 828 kilometers (515 miles) long in Spain and Portugal, one of the peninsula's longest rivers, along with the Tagus and Douro. It rises in south-central Spain, flows west to Portugal's border, turns south, and forms two sections of the frontier between Spain and Portugal. It then empties into the bay of Cadiz. Sections of the Guadiana form the border between the Algarve district and Spain.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Guadiana, River

См. также в других словарях:

  • Douro — For the municipality in the Philippines, see Duero, Bohol. For the Spanish wine region, see Ribera del Duero. For the Portuguese wine region, see Douro DOC. For the Portuguese NUTS3 subregion, see Douro Subregion. Coordinates: 41°08′N 8°40′W …   Wikipedia

  • Douro Subregion — Map showing the location of the Douro subregion Douro Subregion is a part of Norte Region, Portugal that includes most of the Portuguese section of the Douro River. With an area of 4,114 km² and a population of 217,000, it is one of the less …   Wikipedia

  • Miranda do Douro Municipality — Coordinates: 41°30′34″N 6°21′40″W / 41.50944°N 6.36111°W / 41.50944; 6.36111 …   Wikipedia

  • List of rivers of Europe — These are the main rivers of Europe (ecologically, the extreme west of the Palearctic ecozone which includes Russia in the east). See each article for their tributaries, drainage areas, etc.The longest rivers of Europe are: *Volga (3,692 km/2,294 …   Wikipedia

  • Entre Douro e Minho — is a historical province of Portugal which encompassed the country s northern Atlantic seaboard between the Douro and Minho rivers. Contemporaries often referred to the province as simply Minho . It was one of six provinces Portugal was commonly… …   Wikipedia

  • Entre Douro e Vouga — is a NUTS3 Portuguese subregion integrated in the NUTS2 region Norte. Its name stands for the fact that it covers an area between the rivers Douro and Vouga. It is bordered in the north by the subregion of Grande Porto and Tâmega and in the south …   Wikipedia

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  • List of Portuguese monarchs — This is a list of Portuguese monarchs dating from the independence of Portugal from the kingdom of León in 1128 under Afonso Henriques, who proclaimed himself King in 1139, to the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic on October 5, 1910, during …   Wikipedia

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